1) %s - to format a string in a python strings

e.g. 'his name is %s %('craig')

Ans: his name is craig

2) %d - to format integers in a string

e.g. 'his phone_number is %(8099677123)

his phone_number is 8099677123

3) %f - to format decimal_numbers/floats in a string

e.g. 'the value is %.2f' %(12.56789)

Ans: the value is 12.57

4) to specify the total length of the value/add spaces to the value

e.g. 'the value is %8.2f' %(12.56789) #the total length of the float will be 8 and the number of decimal places will be 2, and four spaces

will be added to the float to complement the total length of eight.

Ans: the value is 12.57

e.g. 'his name is %10s %('craig') #the total length will be 10, it will also be complemented by 5 empty spaces.

Ans: his name is craig

using the format()

5) 'kola has {} {}'.format('dogs')

Ans: kola has dogs dogs

6) 'kola has {} and {}'.format('dogs', 'chickens')

kola has dogs and chicken

7) 'kola has {0}, {1}, {2} and {0} as pets'.format('dogs', 'chickens', 'ostrichs')

Ans: kola has dogs, chickens, ostrichs and dogs as pets

8) 'kola\'s number is {1:d}, name of friend as {0:s} and amount as {2:5.3f}'.format('balo', 967755, 89.5676779)

#the positions can spoecified by putting 0, 1, and 2 in the bracket in line with its datatype

#{1:d} - it belongs to the 2nd position and it is an integer

#{0:s} - it belongs to the first position and it is a string

Ans: kola's number is 967755, name of friend as balo and amount as 89.568

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