std::ranges::find_first_of
来自cppreference.com
| 在标头 <algorithm> 定义
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| 调用签名 |
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(1) | (C++20 起) |
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(2) | (C++20 起) |
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(3) | (C++26 起) |
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(4) | (C++26 起) |
/*execution-policy*/ 的定义见此页;/*sized-random-access-range*/ 的定义见此页。
在源范围中搜索任何在目标范围中的元素。用二元谓词 pred 比较(分别以 proj1 和 proj2 投影后的)元素。
1) 源范围是
[first1, last1),目标范围是 [first2, last2)。2) 源范围是
r1,目标范围是 r2。3,4) 同 (1,2),但按照
policy 执行。此页面上描述的函数式实体是算法函数对象(非正式地称为 niebloid),即:
参数
| first1, last1 | - | 表示源范围的迭代器-哨位对 |
| first2, last2 | - | 表示目标范围的迭代器-哨位对 |
| r1 | - | 源范围 |
| r2 | - | 目标范围 |
| pred | - | 会应用到(投影后的)元素的谓词 |
| proj1 | - | 会应用到源范围中元素的投影 |
| proj2 | - | 会应用到目标范围中元素的投影 |
| policy | - | 所用的执行策略 |
返回值
指向源范围中首个与目标范围中的某个元素匹配的元素的迭代器。
如果目标范围为空或找不到这种元素,那么就会返回:
1,3)
ranges::next(first1, last1)2,4)
ranges::next(ranges::begin(r1), ranges::end(r1))复杂度
给定 N1 为 std::distance(first1, last1) 或 ranges::distance(r1),N2 为 std::distance(first2, last2) 或 ranges::distance(r2):
1,2) 最多应用 N1⋅N2 次
pred 和 proj。3,4) 应用 𝓞(N1⋅N2) 次
pred 和 proj。异常
3,4) 在执行过程中:
- 如果并行化所需的临时内存资源不可用,那么就会抛出 std::bad_alloc。
- 如果在通过算法实参访问对象时抛出了未捕获的异常,那么行为由执行策略决定(标准策略会调用 std::terminate)。
可能的实现
struct find_first_of_fn
{
template<std::input_iterator I1, std::sentinel_for<I1> S1,
std::forward_iterator I2, std::sentinel_for<I2> S2,
class Pred = ranges::equal_to,
class Proj1 = std::identity, class Proj2 = std::identity>
requires std::indirectly_comparable<I1, I2, Pred, Proj1, Proj2>
constexpr I1 operator()(I1 first1, S1 last1, I2 first2, S2 last2, Pred pred = {},
Proj1 proj1 = {}, Proj2 proj2 = {}) const
{
for (; first1 != last1; ++first1)
for (auto i = first2; i != last2; ++i)
if (std::invoke(pred, std::invoke(proj1, *first1), std::invoke(proj2, *i)))
return first1;
return first1;
}
template<ranges::input_range R1, ranges::forward_range R2,
class Pred = ranges::equal_to,
class Proj1 = std::identity, class Proj2 = std::identity>
requires std::indirectly_comparable<ranges::iterator_t<R1>,
ranges::iterator_t<R2>,
Pred, Proj1, Proj2>
constexpr ranges::borrowed_iterator_t<R1>
operator()(R1&& r1, R2&& r2, Pred pred = {},
Proj1 proj1 = {}, Proj2 proj2 = {}) const
{
return (*this)(ranges::begin(r1), ranges::end(r1),
ranges::begin(r2),
ranges::next(ranges::begin(r2), ranges::end(r2)),
std::move(pred), std::move(proj1), std::move(proj2));
}
template<ranges::forward_range R1, ranges::forward_range R2,
class Pred = ranges::equal_to,
class Proj1 = std::identity, class Proj2 = std::identity>
requires std::indirectly_comparable<ranges::iterator_t<R1>,
ranges::iterator_t<R2>,
Pred, Proj1, Proj2>
constexpr ranges::borrowed_iterator_t<R1>
operator()(R1&& r1, R2&& r2, Pred pred = {},
Proj1 proj1 = {}, Proj2 proj2 = {}) const
{
return (*this)(ranges::begin(r1),
ranges::next(ranges::begin(r1), ranges::end(r1)),
ranges::begin(r2),
ranges::next(ranges::begin(r2), ranges::end(r2)),
std::move(pred), std::move(proj1), std::move(proj2));
}
};
inline constexpr find_first_of_fn find_first_of{};
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示例
Run this code
#include <algorithm>
#include <iostream>
#include <iterator>
int main()
{
using std::ranges::find_first_of;
constexpr static auto haystack = {1, 2, 3, 4};
constexpr static auto needles = {0, 3, 4, 3};
constexpr auto found1 = find_first_of(haystack.begin(), haystack.end(),
needles.begin(), needles.end());
static_assert(std::distance(haystack.begin(), found1) == 2);
constexpr auto found2 = find_first_of(haystack, needles);
static_assert(std::distance(haystack.begin(), found2) == 2);
constexpr static auto negatives = {-6, -3, -4, -3};
constexpr auto not_found = find_first_of(haystack, negatives);
static_assert(not_found == haystack.end());
constexpr auto found3 = find_first_of(haystack, negatives,
[](int x, int y) { return x == -y; }); // 使用二元比较器
static_assert(std::distance(haystack.begin(), found3) == 2);
struct P { int x, y; };
constexpr static auto p1 = {P{1, -1}, P{2, -2}, P{3, -3}, P{4, -4}};
constexpr static auto p2 = {P{5, -5}, P{6, -3}, P{7, -5}, P{8, -3}};
// 仅比较 P::y 数据成员,通过投影它们:
const auto found4 = find_first_of(p1, p2, {}, &P::y, &P::y);
std::cout << "在位置 " << std::distance(p1.begin(), found4)
<< " 找到首个等价元素 {" << found4->x << ", " << found4->y
<< "}。\n";
}
输出:
在位置 2 找到首个等价元素 {3, -3}。
参阅
| 搜索一组元素中任一元素 (函数模板) | |
(C++20) |
查找首对相同(或满足给定谓词)的相邻元素 (算法函数对象) |
(C++20)(C++20)(C++20) |
查找首个满足特定条件的元素 (算法函数对象) |
(C++20) |
查找元素序列在特定范围中最后一次出现 (算法函数对象) |
(C++20) |
搜索元素范围的首次出现 (算法函数对象) |
(C++20) |
搜索元素在范围中首次连续若干次出现 (算法函数对象) |