std::ranges::find_first_of

来自cppreference.com
 
 
算法库
受约束算法及范围上的算法 (C++20)
包含算法例如 ranges::copyranges::sort、...
排序和相关操作
划分操作
(C++11)    

排序操作
二分搜索操作(在已划分范围上)
集合操作(在有序范围上)
归并操作(在有序范围上)
堆操作
最小/最大操作
(C++11)
(C++17)
字典序比较操作
排列操作




 
受约束算法
本菜单中的所有名字均属于命名空间 std::ranges
不修改序列的操作
修改序列的操作
划分操作
排序操作
二分搜索操作(在有序范围上)
       
       
集合操作(在有序范围上)
堆操作
最小/最大操作
       
       
排列操作
折叠操作
数值操作
(C++23)            
未初始化存储上的操作
返回类型
 
在标头 <algorithm> 定义
调用签名
template< std::input_iterator I1, std::sentinel_for<I1> S1,
          std::forward_iterator I2, std::sentinel_for<I2> S2,
          class Pred = ranges::equal_to,
          class Proj1 = std::identity, class Proj2 = std::identity >
    requires std::indirectly_comparable<I1, I2, Pred, Proj1, Proj2>
constexpr I1
    find_first_of( I1 first1, S1 last1, I2 first2, S2 last2, Pred pred = {},
                   Proj1 proj1 = {}, Proj2 proj2 = {} );
(1) (C++20 起)
template< ranges::input_range R1, ranges::forward_range R2,
          class Pred = ranges::equal_to,
          class Proj1 = std::identity, class Proj2 = std::identity >
    requires std::indirectly_comparable<ranges::iterator_t<R1>,
                                        ranges::iterator_t<R2>,
                                        Pred, Proj1, Proj2>
constexpr ranges::borrowed_iterator_t<R1>
    find_first_of( R1&& r1, R2&& r2, Pred pred = {},
                   Proj1 proj1 = {}, Proj2 proj2 = {} );
(2) (C++20 起)
template< /*execution-policy*/ Ep,
          std::random_access_iterator I1, std::sized_sentinel_for<I1> S1,
          std::random_access_iterator I2, std::sized_sentinel_for<I2> S2,
          class Pred = ranges::equal_to,
          class Proj1 = std::identity, class Proj2 = std::identity >
    requires std::indirectly_comparable<I1, I2, Pred, Proj1, Proj2>
I1 find_first_of( Ep&& policy, I1 first1, S1 last1, I2 first2, S2 last2,
                  Pred pred = {}, Proj1 proj1 = {}, Proj2 proj2 = {} );
(3) (C++26 起)
template< /*execution-policy*/ Ep,
          /*sized-random-access-range*/ R1,
          /*sized-random-access-range*/ R2,
          class Pred = ranges::equal_to,
          class Proj1 = std::identity, class Proj2 = std::identity >
    requires std::indirectly_comparable<ranges::iterator_t<R1>,
                                        ranges::iterator_t<R2>,
                                        Pred, Proj1, Proj2>
ranges::borrowed_iterator_t<R1>
    find_first_of( Ep&& policy, R1&& r1, R2&& r2, Pred pred = {},
                   Proj1 proj1 = {}, Proj2 proj2 = {} );
(4) (C++26 起)

/*execution-policy*/ 的定义见此页/*sized-random-access-range*/ 的定义见此页

在源范围中搜索任何在目标范围中的元素。用二元谓词 pred 比较(分别以 proj1proj2 投影后的)元素。

1) 源范围是 [first1last1),目标范围是 [first2last2)
2) 源范围是 r1,目标范围是 r2
3,4)(1,2),但按照 policy 执行。

此页面上描述的函数式实体是算法函数对象(非正式地称为 niebloid),即:

参数

first1, last1 - 表示源范围的迭代器-哨位对
first2, last2 - 表示目标范围的迭代器-哨位对
r1 - 源范围
r2 - 目标范围
pred - 会应用到(投影后的)元素的谓词
proj1 - 会应用到源范围中元素的投影
proj2 - 会应用到目标范围中元素的投影
policy - 所用的执行策略

返回值

指向源范围中首个与目标范围中的某个元素匹配的元素的迭代器。

如果目标范围为空或找不到这种元素,那么就会返回:

1,3) ranges::next(first1, last1)
2,4) ranges::next(ranges::begin(r1), ranges::end(r1))

复杂度

给定 N1std::distance(first1, last1)ranges::distance(r1)N2std::distance(first2, last2)ranges::distance(r2)

1,2) 最多应用 N1⋅N2predproj
3,4) 应用 𝓞(N1⋅N2)predproj

异常

3,4) 在执行过程中:
  • 如果并行化所需的临时内存资源不可用,那么就会抛出 std::bad_alloc
  • 如果在通过算法实参访问对象时抛出了未捕获的异常,那么行为由执行策略决定(标准策略会调用 std::terminate)。

可能的实现

struct find_first_of_fn
{
    template<std::input_iterator I1, std::sentinel_for<I1> S1,
             std::forward_iterator I2, std::sentinel_for<I2> S2,
             class Pred = ranges::equal_to,
             class Proj1 = std::identity, class Proj2 = std::identity>
        requires std::indirectly_comparable<I1, I2, Pred, Proj1, Proj2>
    constexpr I1 operator()(I1 first1, S1 last1, I2 first2, S2 last2, Pred pred = {},
                            Proj1 proj1 = {}, Proj2 proj2 = {}) const
    {
        for (; first1 != last1; ++first1)
            for (auto i = first2; i != last2; ++i)
                if (std::invoke(pred, std::invoke(proj1, *first1), std::invoke(proj2, *i)))
                    return first1;
        return first1;
    }
    
    template<ranges::input_range R1, ranges::forward_range R2,
             class Pred = ranges::equal_to,
             class Proj1 = std::identity, class Proj2 = std::identity>
    requires std::indirectly_comparable<ranges::iterator_t<R1>,
                                        ranges::iterator_t<R2>,
                                        Pred, Proj1, Proj2>
    constexpr ranges::borrowed_iterator_t<R1>
        operator()(R1&& r1, R2&& r2, Pred pred = {},
                   Proj1 proj1 = {}, Proj2 proj2 = {}) const
    {
        return (*this)(ranges::begin(r1), ranges::end(r1),
                       ranges::begin(r2),
                       ranges::next(ranges::begin(r2), ranges::end(r2)),
                       std::move(pred), std::move(proj1), std::move(proj2));
    }
    
    template<ranges::forward_range R1, ranges::forward_range R2,
             class Pred = ranges::equal_to,
             class Proj1 = std::identity, class Proj2 = std::identity>
    requires std::indirectly_comparable<ranges::iterator_t<R1>,
                                        ranges::iterator_t<R2>,
                                        Pred, Proj1, Proj2>
    constexpr ranges::borrowed_iterator_t<R1>
        operator()(R1&& r1, R2&& r2, Pred pred = {},
                   Proj1 proj1 = {}, Proj2 proj2 = {}) const
    {
        return (*this)(ranges::begin(r1),
                       ranges::next(ranges::begin(r1), ranges::end(r1)),
                       ranges::begin(r2),
                       ranges::next(ranges::begin(r2), ranges::end(r2)),
                       std::move(pred), std::move(proj1), std::move(proj2));
    }
};

inline constexpr find_first_of_fn find_first_of{};

示例

#include <algorithm>
#include <iostream>
#include <iterator>

int main()
{
    using std::ranges::find_first_of;
    
    constexpr static auto haystack = {1, 2, 3, 4};
    constexpr static auto needles  = {0, 3, 4, 3};
    
    constexpr auto found1 = find_first_of(haystack.begin(), haystack.end(),
                                          needles.begin(), needles.end());
    static_assert(std::distance(haystack.begin(), found1) == 2);
    
    constexpr auto found2 = find_first_of(haystack, needles);
    static_assert(std::distance(haystack.begin(), found2) == 2);
    
    constexpr static auto negatives = {-6, -3, -4, -3};
    constexpr auto not_found = find_first_of(haystack, negatives);
    static_assert(not_found == haystack.end());
    
    constexpr auto found3 = find_first_of(haystack, negatives,
        [](int x, int y) { return x == -y; }); // 使用二元比较器
    static_assert(std::distance(haystack.begin(), found3) == 2);
    
    struct P { int x, y; };
    constexpr static auto p1 = {P{1, -1}, P{2, -2}, P{3, -3}, P{4, -4}};
    constexpr static auto p2 = {P{5, -5}, P{6, -3}, P{7, -5}, P{8, -3}};
    
    // 仅比较 P::y 数据成员,通过投影它们:
    const auto found4 = find_first_of(p1, p2, {}, &P::y, &P::y);
    std::cout << "在位置 " << std::distance(p1.begin(), found4)
              << " 找到首个等价元素 {" << found4->x << ", " << found4->y
              << "}。\n";
}

输出:

在位置 2 找到首个等价元素 {3, -3}。

参阅

搜索一组元素中任一元素
(函数模板) [编辑]
查找首对相同(或满足给定谓词)的相邻元素
(算法函数对象) [编辑]
查找首个满足特定条件的元素
(算法函数对象) [编辑]
查找元素序列在特定范围中最后一次出现
(算法函数对象) [编辑]
搜索元素范围的首次出现
(算法函数对象) [编辑]
搜索元素在范围中首次连续若干次出现
(算法函数对象) [编辑]